绗節澶╋細鎷嗗垎绲勫悎 缈昏蹇▊(l猫)---纰哄畾瑭炵京

鍦ㄤ簡瑙ｆ媶鍒嗗彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浠ュ悗锛屾洿闆ｇ殑涓€姝�---纰哄畾瑭炵京灏卞埌浜嗙溂鍓�銆傞€欎竴姝ヤ富瑕佹秹鍙婁笅鍒楁儏娉侊細

1锛� 涓€瑭炲缇�

甯歌(ji脿n)瑭炰竴鑸叿鏈夊缇╂€�锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)瑕佹牴鎿�(j霉)鎼厤鍜屼笂涓嬫枃纰哄畾鎰忕京锛屽develop闄や簡“鐧�(f膩)灞�”鐨勬剰鎬濆锛岄倓鏈�“褰㈡垚”鐨勬剰鎬濓紝intellectual甯歌〃绀�“鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鐨�”鐨勬剰鎬�锛宎gree甯哥炕璀垚“瑾�(r猫n)鐐�”銆�

2锛� 瑭炵祫鎴栧浐瀹氭惌閰�

瑭炵祫鎴栧浐瀹氭惌閰�锛屼竴鑸湁鍥哄畾鐨勮娉�锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)瑕佹敞鎰忥紝涓嶈兘瀹屽叏鏍规摎(j霉)瀛楅潰缈昏銆�
3锛� 鐪嬩笂涓嬪彞纰哄畾瑭炵京

鏈夋檪(sh铆)锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍙ラ鍑虹従(xi脿n)浠ｈ鏅�(sh铆)锛岄渶瑕侀柋璁€寰呯炕璀儴鍒嗕箣鍓嶇殑鍙ュ瓙锛屾墠鑳藉紕娓呭彞瀛愮殑鎰忔€�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互鍓嶉潰鐨勪笁鍊�(g猫)渚嬪瓙瑾�(shu艒)鏄庡浣曠⒑瀹氳缇�銆�

渚嬩竴锛�

72. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (1994-72)

鏈彞鍙互鍒嗗洓鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢纰哄畾瑭炵京銆�

绗竴鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢锛歩n short绨�(ji菐n)瑷€涔媠chool瀛�(xu茅)娲綾ontend 鍫�(ji膩n)鎸佽獚(r猫n)鐐�锛岀埈(zh膿ng)杈�锛岃◣璜�

绗簩鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢锛歵he scientific revolution 绉戝(xu茅)闈╁懡锛堜笉瑕佽鎴�“绉戞妧闈╁懡”锛�

as we call it 鎴戝€戞墍璎傜殑锛堢瀛�(xu茅)闈╁懡锛�

绗笁鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢锛歭argely 鍦ㄥ緢澶х▼搴︿笂a series of涓€绯诲垪instruments鍣ㄥ叿銆佸剙鍣�

绗洓鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢锛歟xpand鎷撳睍reach褰遍熆鑼冨湇锛涘崁(q奴)鍩焛nnumerable鐒�(w煤)鏁�(sh霉)鐨�锛屾暩(sh霉)涓嶆竻鐨刣irection鏂归潰

渚嬩簩锛�

72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 锛�1995-72锛�

鏈彞鍙互鍒嗕笁鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢纰哄畾瑭炵京銆�

绗竴鍊�(g猫)鎰忕兢锛欻ow well the predictions will be validated by later performance銆�

how well瀛楅潰鎰忔€濇槸“澶氬ソ”锛岀敤渚�(l谩i)褰㈠鍕�(d貌ng)瑭瀡alidated鐨勭▼搴�锛屽彲璁婇€氱偤“鍦ㄥ澶х▼搴︿笂”

predictions閫欎簺闋�(y霉)娓�(c猫)锛坧redictions鏄京(f霉)鏁�(sh霉)锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)鍓嶉潰鍔�“閫欎簺”锛�

validate璀夊(sh铆)