x銆€Few creations of big technology capturethe imaginationlike giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and droughtthat makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our biddingso fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant damprojects threaten to do more harm than good.
銆€銆€The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn′t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbolof achievement for nations and people striving to assertthemselves. Egypt′s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey′s bid for First World statusincludes the giant Ataturk Dam.
銆€銆€But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of siltthat it barelygenerates electricity.
銆€銆€And yet, the mythof controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilizedEurope, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troopsin their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
銆€銆€Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisorssay the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmentaldestruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed
銆€銆€Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectricpower and flood control and irrigationare possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.
銆€銆€璀枃
銆€銆€鍦ㄩ噸澶ф妧琛�(sh霉)鎵€鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犵殑鏉辫タ涓�锛屽緢灏戞湁鑳藉儚澶у瀷姘村）閫欐ǎ鑳介珨鐝�(xi脿n)浜虹殑鎯宠薄鍔涚殑銆傛垨瑷辨槸鍥犵偤浜洪闀锋湡閬彈娲緡鍜屽共鏃辩殑瑗叉搳锛屼娇寰椾汉椤炲埗鏈嶆椽姘寸殑鎰挎湜鏇村姞浠や汉鑸堝ギ涓嶅凡銆備絾鏄护浜鸿憲杩�锛屾湁鏅備篃鏈冧娇浜虹洸鐩�銆傛湁浜涘法鍨嬪ぇ澹╃殑闋呯洰灏辨湁钁楀紛澶т簬鍒╃殑鍗遍毆銆�
銆€銆€寤洪€犲ぇ澹╃殑鏁欒〒鏄細澶х殑骞朵笉涓€瀹氱附鏄編鐨�銆備絾鏄€欑劇娉曢樆姝㈡兂瑕佷慨寤洪珮澶ч泟鍋夌殑澶у）渚嗛’绀洪偅浜涘姏鐖緱鍒拌嚜鎴戣偗瀹氱殑鍦嬪鍜屼汉姘戠暥浣滃亯澶ф垚灏辩殑璞″緛銆傚焹鍙婂湪闃挎媺浼笘鐣岀殑闋�(l菒ng)灏庡湴浣嶇敱寤洪€犻樋鏂椇澶у）鑰岄瀼鍥�銆傚湡鑰冲叾鐐轰簡鍔涚埈鎴愮偤涓栫晫涓€娴佺殑鍦嬪锛屼篃鍖呮嫭淇缓浜嗗法澶х殑闃垮鐗瑰厠澶у）銆�
銆€銆€浣嗘槸澶у）骞舵矑鏈夊闋愭湡鐨勯偅妯ｇ櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢�銆備緥濡傞樋鏂椇澶у）锛屽畠闃绘浜嗗凹缇呮渤娲按鐨勬硾婵�锛屼絾涔熶娇寰楀焹鍙婂け鍘讳簡娲按闆㈠幓鍚庢墍鐣欎笅鐨勮偉娌冨湡澹�——鎻涘洖渚嗙殑鏄竴鍊嬬柧鐥呮粙鐢熺殑澶ф按搴�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ暣鍊嬫按搴～婊夸簡娣ゆ偿锛屽咕涔庝笉鑳界櫦(f膩)闆�銆�
銆€銆€鐒惰€屾帶鍒舵按鐨勪笉鍒囧闅涚殑鎯虫硶浠嶅湪绻肩簩(x霉)銆傛湰鍛�锛屽湪鏂囨槑鐨勬瓙娲蹭腑蹇�锛屾柉娲涗紣鍏嬩汉鍜屽寛鐗欏埄浜虹偤浜嗗鐟欐渤涓婄殑涓€铏曟按澹╁紩鐧�(f膩)鐖锛屽咕涔庡樊榛炲嫊鐢ㄤ簡杌嶉殜銆傞€欏€嬪ぇ鍨嬬殑宸ョ▼鍙兘鏈冨嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鎵€鏈夊ぇ澹╀笂鐨勫父瑕嬪晱椤�銆備絾鏂礇浼愬厠姝ｅ湪鍔涘湒寰炴嵎鍏嬭劔闆㈣€岀崹绔�锛岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ畠闇€瑕佸缓涓€鍊嬪ぇ澹╀締璀夋槑鑷繁鐨勫鍔�銆�
銆€銆€鑸囨鍚屾檪锛屽湪鍗板害锛屼笘鐣岄妧琛屽凡缍�(j墨ng)璨告渚嗗缓閫犲晱椤岀箒澶氱殑绱嶇埦榛欓仈澶у）銆傜洝绠′笘鐣岄妧琛岀殑椤у晱鎸囧嚭锛岃┎澶у）灏囩郸鐧惧甯朵締鑻﹂洠锛屽苟涓斾篃鏈冪牬澹炲懆閭婄殑鐠�(hu谩n)澧�锛屼絾閵€琛屽凡缍�(j墨ng)閫欐ǎ瀵﹁浜�銆傞€欎簺鍒╃泭姝告湁娆�(qu谩n)鍕㈣€呮墍鏈�锛屼絾鏄€欑ó鍒╃泭涔熸槸娌掓湁淇濋殰鐨�銆�
銆€銆€灏嶄簬姘村）鐨勫奖闊夸互鍙婃按澹╂不姘寸殑鎴愭湰鍜屾敹鐩婇€茶姝ｇ⒑鑰岀瀛哥殑鐮旂┒锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堝湴瑙ｆ焙閫欎簺娌栫獊銆傚嵆浣夸笉鑸堝缓澶у瀷姘村）锛屾按鍒╃櫦(f膩)闆�銆佹不鐞嗘椽姘翠互鍙婄亴婧変篃鏄彲鑳界殑锛屼笉涓€瀹氶潪寰楀缓澶у）銆備絾鏄暥浣犻潰灏嶉偅浜涗笉鍒囧闅涚殑绁炶┍鏅�锛屼綘灏卞緢闆ｅ仛鍒板悎鐞嗗拰绉戝浜�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄨ┎鏄笘鐣屽惛鍙栭樋鏂椇澶у）鏁欒〒鐨勬檪鍊欎簡銆傛垜鍊戞湭蹇呴潪瑕侀€氶亷澶у）渚嗘嫰鏁戣嚜宸�銆�
銆€銆€瑭炲尟
銆€銆€assert vt. 涓诲嫉, 鍫呯ū, 鏂疯█
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歒ou must assert yourself or they will continue to bully you. 浣犲繀闋堢董璀疯嚜宸辩殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒�锛屽惁鍓囦粬鍊戦倓鏈冩璨犱綘銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛ssert oneself鍫呮寔鑷繁鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)鍒�; 琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鑷繁鐨勬瑠(qu谩n)濞�
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細affirm declare insist on pronounce state
銆€銆€Advisor n. 椤у晱, 鍕稿憡鑰�, 鎸囧皫鏁欏斧
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欻is amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles.浠栭偅鍜岃椆鍙Κ鐨勬€ф牸浣夸粬鎴愮偤缍�(j墨ng)甯哥偤浠栦汉鎺掓唫瑙ｉ洠鐨勯枊灏庤€�銆�
銆€銆€bidding n. 鍛戒护, 閭€璜�, 鍑哄児
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欻e was bidding for popular support. 浠栧湪瑷�(sh猫)娉曠埈鍙栧ぇ鐪剧殑鏀寔銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛t one's bidding/at sb.'s bidding 渚濆洃,閬靛懡do one's bidding/do sb.'s bidding鐓�……鐨勫懡浠ゅ仛, 鐓�……鐨勮┍杈�
銆€銆€barely ad. 骞句箮涓�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欻e has barely enough money to live on. 浠栫殑閷㈠儏澶犲媺寮风董鎸佺敓瑷�銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歜arely enough鍕夊挤澶燽e barely of age鍓涙垚骞碼 barely furnished room闄宠ō(sh猫)绨￠檵鐨勬埧闁�
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細hardly just scarcely
銆€銆€capture n. 鎶撳彇, 鎴�(zh脿n)鍒╁搧, 鎹曠嵅涔嬬墿vt. 鎶撳彇, 鐛插緱, 杩蜂綇
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍hey would offer a bounty of $100,000 for the capture of the murderer. 浠栧€戞効鍑哄崄钀厓璩為噾鎹夋嬁鍏囨墜銆�
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細apprehend arrest imprison seize
銆€銆€鍙嶇京瑭烇細release
銆€銆€civilized a. 鏂囨槑鐨�, 鏈夌Ξ鐨�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欻is new theory has caused a sensation throughout the civilized world. 浠栫殑鏂扮悊璜栬綗鍕曚簡鏁村€嬫枃鏄庝笘鐣�銆�
銆€銆€鍙嶇京瑭烇細barbarous; uncivilized; wild
銆€銆€dam n. 姘村）, 闅滅vt. 鎺у埗, 绛戝）vi. 鎺у埗, 绛戝）
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍he mouth of the river is dammed and a freshwater lake created behind the dam.娌冲彛绛戣捣浜嗘敂娌冲）锛屽）鍚庝究褰㈡垚浜嗘贰姘存箹銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歞evil's dam楝煎﹩濞�(缃靛│濂崇殑瑭�)
銆€銆€deprived a. 绐洶鐨�, 鍠け浜嗗彈鑹ソ鏁欒偛娆�(qu谩n)鍒╃殑, 璨х鐨�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍hese misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason. 閫欎簺涓嶅垢鐨勪簨鎯呭咕涔庝娇浠栧け鍘荤悊鏅恒€�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歞eprived children澶卞鐨勫瀛愬€�
銆€銆€drought n. 骞叉棻, 缂轰箯
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歋oon afterward drought set in. 涓嶄箙涔嬪悗鍙堢櫦(f膩)鐢熶簡骞叉棭銆�
銆€銆€鍙嶇京瑭烇細wet
銆€銆€environmental a. 鍛ㄥ湇鐨�, 鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑
銆€銆€娲剧敓锛歟nvironment n. 鍛ㄥ湇鐠�(hu谩n)澧�. environmentalist n. 鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀疯€�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歀iving creatures must be adaptable to environmental change. 鐢熺墿蹇呴爤鑳介仼鎳夌挵(hu谩n)澧冪殑璁婂寲銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛n environmental factor鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鍥犵礌
銆€銆€fascination n. 浠や汉钁楄糠鐨勪簨鐗�, 鍏ヨ糠, 榄呭姏
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歄ld churches have a certain strange fascination for me. 鑸婃暀鍫傚皪鎴戝叿鏈夋煇绋鐗圭殑榄呭姏銆�
銆€銆€guarantee n. 鎿斾繚, 鎶垫娂鍝�, 淇濊瓑鏇竩t. 淇濊瓑, 鎿斾繚
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欱lue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 钄氳槶鐨勫ぉ绌哄苟涓嶆案閬犱繚璀夋櫞鏈楃殑澶╂埃銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歴tand guarantee for ... 鏇�……鎿斾换淇濊瓑浜�
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細assure back certify endorse pledge promise secure sponsor stand for swear underwrite warrant
銆€銆€鍙嶇京瑭烇細guarantor
銆€銆€hydroelectric a. 姘村姏闆绘埃鐨�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛 hydroelectric power station姘村姏鐧�(f膩)闆荤珯
銆€銆€Imagination n. 鎯冲儚, 鑱借, 鎯冲儚鍔�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欴ragons are creatures of Chinese fancy. 榫嶆槸涓湅浜哄够鎯冲嚭渚嗙殑鍕曠墿銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歜eyond(all) imagination(瀹屽叏)鍑轰箮鎰忔枡鍦癲raw on (one's) imagination鏉滄挵, 绶ㄩ€�
銆€銆€irrigation n. 鐏屾簤, 娌栨礂
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歅ublic irrigation is the heart of cotton farming. 鍏叡姘村埄瑷�(sh猫)鏂芥槸妫夎姳鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐨勫懡鑴堛€�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛n irrigation channel (canal) 鐏屾簤娓燽ring the farmland under irrigation浣胯静(n贸ng)鐢版按鍒╁寲
銆€銆€myth n. 绁炶┍, 铏涙(g貌u)鐨勪簨, 铏涙(g貌u)鐨勪汉
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛欻e was a myth that had been created out of desperation and poverty and despair. 浠栨槸寰炵禃澧�銆佽钵鍥板拰澶辨湜涓壍(chu脿ng)閫犲嚭渚嗙殑涓€鍊嬬瑭辫埇鐨勪汉鐗�銆�
銆€銆€meanwhile n. 鍏舵檪, 鍏堕枔ad. 鍚屾檪, 浜庢鏅�
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歁eanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. 鑸囨鍚屾檪,鍙﹀鍏╀綅婕斿摗鎶婂叐鍊嬬洓钁楅鐗╃殑澶х眱瀛愭嬁鍒版ü涓嬭敪娑肩殑鍦版柟銆�
銆€銆€symbol n. 绗﹁櫉, 璞″緛, 浠ｈ櫉, 淇℃
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍he private car was still a cherished status symbol. 绉佷汉灏忔苯杌婁粛鐒舵槸涓€绋湴浣嶉珮璨寸殑妯欏織銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歛 chemical symbol鍖栧绗﹁櫉
銆€銆€status n. 鐙€鎱�(t脿i), 鎯呭舰, 鍦颁綅, 瑕佷汉韬唤
銆€銆€渚嬪瓙锛歐e celebrate our regained status as a sovereign and independent nation. 鎴戝€�?y艒u)姗瑰對姘€夋槯閰ラ硤?qu谩n)鍜岀崹绔嬪湅瀹剁殑鍦颁綅鑰屾娆ｉ紦鑸炪€�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歵he status of affairs浜嬫厠(t脿i), 褰㈠嫝status nascendi (nascens) 鍒濈敓鎱�(t脿i)class status闅庣礆鎴愬垎a status seeker鎯冲線涓婄埇鐨勪汉
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細class condition division grade position rank standing state station
銆€銆€silt n. 娣ゆ偿vt. 浣挎筏濉瀡i. 娣ゅ
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍he cadres were digging up river silt with the commune members. 骞查儴鍚岀ぞ鍝″€戜竴璧峰湪鎸栨渤娉�銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歴ilt content/ the total volume of silt娣ゆ偿鍚噺
銆€銆€scientific a. 绉戝鐨�, 绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨�, 绗﹀悎绉戝瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬殑
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歋cientific statistical figures are from Beijing scientific resources check 2000. 绉戝鎶€琛�(sh霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷堟暩(sh霉)瀛楃偤2000骞村寳浜競绉戞妧璩囨簮娓呮煡鏁�(sh霉)瀛椼€�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歴cientific experiment绉戝瀵﹂scientific point of view绉戝瑙€榛�
銆€銆€鍙嶇京瑭烇細unscientific
銆€銆€troop n. 杌嶉殜, 瑁濈敳閮ㄩ殜, 楱庡叺闅�, 閮ㄩ殜vi. 缇ら泦, 绲�(ji茅)闅�, 鎴愮兢鑰岃
銆€銆€渚嬪彞锛歍here were troops of friends to see him off. 鏈夊緢澶氬弸浜虹偤浠栭€佽銆�
銆€銆€瑭炵祫锛歡et one's troop鍗囦换楱庡叺閫ｉ暦household troops鐜嬪绂佽(w猫i)杌�
銆€銆€鍚岀京瑭烇細band body bunch company crew crowd gang group mob party unit
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
