姝¤繋瑷晱鑰冪爺绉樼睄鑰冪爺缍�(w菐ng)!    鐮旂┒鐢熸嫑鐢熶俊鎭恫(w菐ng)    鑰冨崥鐪熼涓嬭級    鑰冪爺鐪熼涓嬭級    鍏ㄧ珯鏂囩珷绱㈠紩
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
   
  楂樼礆鎼滅储   

 鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 鑰冪爺绉樼睄鑰冪爺缍�(w菐ng) >> 鏂囩珷涓績 >> 鑰冪爺鑻辫獮 >> 姝f枃  2010骞存暀鑲查儴鑰冭│涓績鑰冪爺鑻辫獮缈昏妯℃摤瑭﹂(浜�) 2

鏂拌仦璩囪▕
鏅€氭枃绔� 涓婃捣甯�50瀹跺柈浣嶇恫(w菐ng)涓婃帴鍙楀挩瑭㈠拰鍫�(b脿o)鍚�
鏅€氭枃绔� 鍖椾含澶у(xu茅)鐢�“灏辨キ(y猫)涔嬪”鐮旂┒鐢熷皥鍫存嫑鑱樺牬闈㈢伀鐖�
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤堝ぇ濂崇爺绌剁敓琚妗堢祩瀵╁垽姹� 鍏囨墜琚垽姝诲垜
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤f澅鍏牎缍�(w菐ng)涓婅│榛�(di菐n)鑰冪爺鍫�(b脿o)鍚嶅皣闁嬪
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞寸ⅸ澹寳浜嫑鐢熷柈浣嶅牨(b脿o)鍚嶉粸(di菐n)涓€瑕�
鏅€氭枃绔� 娲涢櫧楂樻柊鍗€(q奴)21鍚嶇ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓琚仒鐐轰腑灞ら牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)
鏅€氭枃绔� 娴欐睙鐪佺ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍫�(b脿o)鍚嶅緸涓嬪懆涓€闁嬪
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞翠笂?锛熺礀^(q奴)缍�(w菐ng)涓婂牨(b脿o)鍚嶆檪(sh铆)闁撳畨鎺掕〃
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤f澅锛氱爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│2003骞磋捣閲嶅ぇ瑾�(di脿o)鏁�
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞村叏鍦嬬爺鎷涗笂?锛熺礀^(q奴)鍫�(b脿o)鍚嶉粸(di菐n)涓€瑕借〃
瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 瀵у澶у(xu茅)04骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 澶ч€i惖閬撳(xu茅)闄�04骞寸ⅸ澹帴鏀惰(di脿o)鍔戠敓婧愬熀鏈師鍓�
鏅€氭枃绔� 鍚夋灄澶у(xu茅)寤鸿ō(sh猫)宸ョ▼瀛�(xu茅)闄�04骞寸爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 婧窞甯寖瀛�(xu茅)闄�(婧窞澶у(xu茅)绫�)05鐮旂┒鐢熻(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 浣虫湪鏂ぇ瀛�(xu茅)04骞磋€冪爺瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 娌堥櫧寤虹瓚宸ョ▼瀛�(xu茅)闄�04骞寸爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 澶╂触甯寖澶у(xu茅)鏀挎不鑸囪鏀垮(xu茅)闄�05骞寸ⅸ澹(di脿o)鍔戦渶姹�
鏅€氭枃绔� 绗簩蹇楁効鑰冪爺瑾�(di脿o)鍔戠▼搴忕瓟鐤�
鏅€氭枃绔� 涓婃捣澶у(xu茅)04骞寸爺绌剁敓鎷涙敹绲�(t菕ng)鑰冪敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤hタ澶у(xu茅)04骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�

鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級 

銆€瑭﹂绮捐В

銆€銆€46.[绮捐В] 鏈鑰冩牳鐨勭煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鏄細宓屽寮忓畾瑾炲緸鍙�銆佹娊璞″悕瑭�銆�

銆€銆€鏈彞鏄敱and閫f帴鐨勪笁鍊�(g猫)骞跺垪鍙�锛岄兘浠oth闁嬮牠銆傜涓夊€�(g猫)鍒嗗彞鐨勪富骞叉槸锛歜oth employ an experimental methodology锛岃硴瑾瀖ethodology鍚庢帴鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙ュ仛瀹氳獮锛岃┎瀹氳獮寰炲彞涓張宓屽浜嗕竴鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙�(demonstrations)can be verified by repetition銆傜敱浜庢湁宓屽寮忓畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽洜姝ら渶瑕侀噰鐢ㄦ媶璀硶锛屽緸绗竴鍊�(g猫)that闁嬪鍠崹(d煤)鎴愬彞銆�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟鏂归潰锛歩mply鎰忕偤“鏆楃ず锛屾剰鍛�;蹇呯劧鍖呭惈”;be concerned with鎰忕偤“鑸�……鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛屾秹鍙�;闂�(gu膩n)娉紝鎰熻垐瓒�”;empirical鎰忕偤“浠ュ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)(鎴栫稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n))鐐烘牴鎿�(j霉)鐨�锛岀稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)涓荤京鐨�”;demonstration鎰忕偤“璀夋槑锛岃珫璀夛紝瑾槑锛岃瓑瀵�(sh铆)”锛岀敱浜庡畠鏄娊璞″悕瑭�锛屽彲鎸夌収婕㈣獮缈�(x铆)鎱�锛岄噰鐢ㄥ姞璀硶锛岃鎴�“璜栬瓑鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏋�”銆倂erify鎰忕偤“妾㈤(y脿n)锛屾煡璀�锛屾牳瀵�(sh铆)”銆�

銆€銆€47.[绮捐В] 鏈鑰冩牳鐨勭煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鏄細姣旇純绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

銆€銆€鏈彞鏄敱but閫f帴鐨勫苟鍒楀彞銆傚墠涓€鍒嗗彞涓惈鏈夋瘮杓冪祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛歩s less concerned with …and more concerned with …锛屽彲璀偤“杓冨皯鍦伴棞(gu膩n)蹇�……鑰屾洿澶氬湴闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄤ簬”銆備富璎備箣闁撶殑鎻掑叆瑾瀉t least in theory鍋氱媭瑾炵炕璀檪(sh铆)鍙彁鍓嶃€�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟鏂归潰锛歱racticality鎰忕偤“瀵�(sh铆)鐢ㄦ€�”;inextricably鎰忕偤“閫冧笉鎺夊湴锛岃В姹轰笉浜嗗湴锛岃В涓嶉枊鍦�”;be involved with sb./sth.鎰忕偤“鑸�……闂�(gu膩n)绯诲瘑鍒�”銆�

銆€銆€48.[绮捐В] 鏈鑰冩牳鐨勭煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鏄細鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙�銆佸璀硶銆�

銆€銆€鍙ュ瓙鐨勪富骞叉槸the concept … is a myth銆備富瑾炲悗鎺ユ湁鐢眛hat寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)骞跺垪鐨勫悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞銆傜敱浜庝富瑾炲悗淇>鎴愬垎杓冮暦锛屽洜姝ら噰鐢ㄦ媶璀硶鍠崹(d煤)鎴愬彞銆傚苟涓斿厛璀緸鍙ワ紝鍚庤涓诲彞锛岀敤寰�(f霉)鎸囦唬瑭�“閫欑ó瑙€蹇�”渚嗛€f帴涓诲彞鍜屽緸鍙ョ殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€傜浜屽€�(g猫)鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑therefore瑾槑鐨勬槸鍏╁€�(g猫)寰炲彞闁撶殑鍥犳灉闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)瑕佹彁鍓嶅埌绗簩鍊�(g猫)寰炲彞鍓嶃€�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟鏂归潰锛歱ure research鐩磋鐐�“绱旂爺绌�”锛屼笉鏄饥瑾炵繏(x铆)鎱h〃閬�(d谩)锛屾噳(y墨ng)閲囩敤澧炶娉�锛岃鐐�“绱旂悊璜栫殑鐮旂┒”銆俶yth鍙剰鐐�“绁炶┍锛屾潨鎾板嚭渚嗙殑浜烘垨鐗�锛�(娌掓湁浜嬪(sh铆)鏍规摎(j霉)鐨�)铏涙(g貌u)淇″康(鎴栬榛�(di菐n)銆佺悊璜�)”锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囬伕鎿囧叾“娌掓湁浜嬪(sh铆)鏍规摎(j霉)鐨勮榛�(di菐n)”鐨勫惈缇┿€�

銆€銆€49.[绮捐В] 鏈鑰冩牳鐨勭煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鏄細鍚庣疆瀹氳獮銆佺媭瑾�銆�

銆€銆€瑭插彞瀛愭槸鐢眞hereas(鐒惰€�锛屼絾鏄�)閫f帴鐨勫苟鍒楀彞銆傚墠涓€鍒嗗彞鐨勪富骞叉槸science may be perceived as a … source锛屽悗闈㈡帴for understanding …浠嬭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍋氬悗缃畾瑾�锛岀炕璀檪(sh铆)鎳�(y墨ng)鎻愬墠銆傚悗涓€鍒嗗彞鐨勪富骞叉槸manifestations now seem to be out of control锛屽叾涓仛鏅�(sh铆)闁撳拰鍦伴粸(di菐n)鐙€瑾炵殑浠嬭鐭獮in the modern world鍜宯ow鍙彁鍓嶇炕璀€�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟鏂归潰锛歱erceive sth. as sth.鎰忕偤“瑕栫偤锛岃獚(r猫n)鐐�锛岀悊瑙g偤”;source鎰忕偤“渚嗘簮锛屾牴婧�锛屾簮闋�”锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囪鐐�“鍑虹櫦(f膩)榛�(di菐n)”;manifestation鎰忕偤“椤ず锛岃〃鏄�锛岃〃绀�”锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)涓婁笅鏂囪鐐�“(鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨�)閬�(y霉n)鐢�”銆�

銆€銆€50.[绮捐В] 鏈鑰冩牳鐨勭煡璀橀粸(di菐n)鏄細璩撹獮寰炲彞銆�

銆€銆€涓诲彞鏄疢any historians of science argue锛屽悗闈ot only … but also閫f帴浜嗗叐鍊�(g猫)骞跺垪鐨勮硴瑾炲緸鍙�銆�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟鏂归潰锛歮omentum鎰忕偤“鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)鍔�锛屽嫝闋�”銆�

銆€銆€鍏ㄦ枃缈昏

銆€銆€“绉戝(xu茅)”鍜�“鎶€琛�(sh霉)”鐨勫惈缇╀竴浠d竴浠g櫦(f膩)鐢熶簡娣卞埢鐨勮畩鍖�銆傜劧鑰�锛岄€欏叐鍊�(g猫)琛�(sh霉)瑾炰箣闁撶殑鐩镐技涔嬭檿瑕佸浜庡叾涓嶅悓涔嬭檿銆傜瀛�(xu茅)鑸囨妧琛�(sh霉)閮藉寘鍚湁涓€绋€濈董鐨勯亷绋�锛屽叐鑰呴兘娑夊強鐗╄唱(zh矛)涓栫晫鐨勫洜鏋滈棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽叐鑰呴兘閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄤ竴濂楀(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐨勬柟娉曡珫锛岄€欑ó鏂规硶璜栨墍鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏄兘澶犻€氶亷閲嶅京(f霉)寰椾互椹�(y脿n)璀夌殑缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)鎬х殑瀵�(sh铆)璀夌祼(ji茅)鏋�銆傝嚦灏戝湪鐞嗚珫涓�锛岀瀛�(xu茅)杓冨皯鍦伴棞(gu膩n)蹇冨叾鐮旂┒鎴愭灉鐨勫(sh铆)鐢ㄦ€э紝鑰屾洿澶氬湴闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄤ簬姝哥磵鍑烘櫘閬嶇殑娉曞墖;浣嗘槸鍦ㄥ(sh铆)韪愪腑锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鑸囨妧琛�(sh霉)鍗荤浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)锛岀劇娉曞壊瑁�銆傚叐鑰呬箣闁撲笉鍚岀▼搴︾殑鐩镐簰褰遍熆鍙浜庡悇绋妤�(y猫)鐨勬鍙茬櫦(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬶紝璜稿锛氬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佸伐绋�銆佺墿鐞�銆佸ぉ鏂�銆佸湡鏈�銆佸埗闄朵互鍙婂叾瀹冭妤�(y猫)?锛熻寲W(xu茅)瀹跺拰鎶€琛�(sh霉)浜哄摗鐨勭爺绌舵椿鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勫樊鐣拌垏涓嬪垪鍥犵礌鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛氫笉鍚岀殑鏁欒偛瑕佹眰銆佺ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鍦颁綅銆佽(sh霉)瑾炪€佹柟娉曡珫銆佺崕(ji菐ng)鍕�(l矛)鏂瑰紡銆佷互鍙婃(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鐩(bi膩o)鑱锋キ(y猫)鐩(bi膩o)锛屼絾绺辫姝峰彶锛岃ū澶�“绱�”绉戝(xu茅)瀹舵棦鏈夌悊璜栧缓妯逛篃鏈夊(sh铆)鐢ㄥ壍(chu脿ng)鏂般€�

銆€銆€浜哄€戣獚(r猫n)鐐虹瀛�(xu茅)鐐烘妧琛�(sh霉)鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂版彁渚涚悊蹇�锛屽洜姝�锛屽皪浜庡伐妤�(y猫)鏂囨槑涓殑浠讳綍涓€娆℃剰缇╅噸澶х殑閫�(j矛n)姝ワ紝绱旂悊璜栫殑鐮旂┒鏄繀涓嶅彲灏戠殑锛岀暥(d膩ng)鐒�锛岄€欑ó瑙€蹇靛叾瀵�(sh铆)鏄矑鏈変簨瀵�(sh铆)鏍规摎(j霉)鐨勩€傚ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)宸ユキ(y猫)鏂囨槑鐨勫亯澶ф敼璁婇兘鑸囧(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ょ爺绌剁劇闂�(gu膩n)锛屾(j墨)姊般€佸寲宸ャ€佸ぉ鏂囥€佸喍閲戙€佹按鍒╅牁(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鍩烘湰宸ュ叿鍙婃祦绋嬫棭鍦ㄦ焙瀹氬畠鍊戝姛鑳界殑娉曞墖琚櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)涔嬪墠灏卞凡瀛樺湪銆備緥濡傦紝鏃╁湪鐔卞嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)瑙i噵浜嗚捀姹芥(j墨)鎿嶄綔鐨勭墿鐞嗗師鐞嗕箣鍓嶏紝钂告苯姗�(j墨)宸插唬娉涘瓨鍦�銆�

銆€銆€鏈€杩戝咕骞达紝绉戝(xu茅)鍜屾妧琛�(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勫児(ji脿)鍊煎垎姝ц秺渚嗚秺灏栭姵?锛熻寲W(xu茅)閫�(j矛n)姝ョ稉(j墨ng)甯搁伃鍒版縺鐑堢殑鍙嶅皪锛岀劧鑰岋紝鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ湁寰堝浜哄皪鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬亹鎳肩敋浜庡皪绉戝(xu茅)鐨勬摂(d膩n)蹇�銆傚皪浜庨€欎簺浜轰締瑾紝绉戝(xu茅)鎴栬ū琚湅鎴愭槸涓€绋钩闈滅殑銆佸瑙€鐨勭悊瑙h嚜鐒舵案鎭掓硶鍓囩殑鍑虹櫦(f膩)榛�(di菐n)锛岃€屽浠婂湪浠栧€戠湅渚嗭紝鐝�(xi脿n)浠d笘鐣岄噷鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫(sh铆)闅涢亱(y霉n)鐢ㄤ技涔庡凡澶卞幓鎺у埗銆�

銆€銆€瑷卞绉戝(xu茅)鍙插瑾�(r猫n)鐐猴紝鎶€琛�(sh霉)涓嶅儏鏄厛閫�(j矛n)鐨勫伐妤�(y猫)鏂囨槑蹇呬笉鍙皯鐨勬浠�锛岃€屼笖鍦ㄦ渶杩戠殑骞惧€�(g猫)涓栫磤(j矛)閲�锛屾妧琛�(sh霉)璁婇潻鐨勯€熷害宸插舰鎴愪簡鑷韩鐨勫嫝闋�?锛孎(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑閫熷害浼间箮浠ュ咕浣曠礆鍒ュ湪澧為暦锛岄仩(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)瓒呭嚭浜嗗湴鐞嗗拰鏀挎不鐨勯檺瀹�銆傞€欎簺鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂板線寰€鏈�(hu矛)鏀硅畩鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勬枃鍖栭珨鍒�锛屽苟甯稿父甯朵締闆d互闋�(y霉)鏂欑殑绀炬渻(hu矛)鍚庢灉銆傛墍浠ワ紝鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎳�(y墨ng)琚湅浣滄槸鏃㈡湁閫�(j矛n)姝ユ€т篃鏈夋瘈婊呮€х殑閬庣▼銆�

鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵�(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

  • 涓婁竴绡囨枃绔狅細

  • 涓嬩竴绡囨枃绔狅細
  • 鑰冨崥鍜ㄨQQ 3455265070 榛�(di菐n)鎿婇€欓噷绲︽垜鐧�(f膩)娑堟伅 鑰冪爺鍜ㄨ QQ 3455265070 榛�(di菐n)鎿婇€欓噷绲︽垜鐧�(f膩)娑堟伅 閮电锛� 3455265070@qq.com
    鍏徃鍚嶇ū:鏄嗗北鍓�(chu脿ng)閰蜂俊鎭鎶€鏈夐檺鍏徃 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�
    鑰冪爺绉樼睄缍�(w菐ng) 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈� © kaoyanmiji.com All Rights Reserved
    鑱叉槑锛氭湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欏皧閲嶅苟淇濊(h霉)鐭ヨ瓨鐢�(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)銆婁俊鎭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍌虫挱娆�(qu谩n)淇濊(h霉)姊濅緥銆�锛屽鏋滄垜鍊戣綁(zhu菐n)杓夋垨寮曠敤鐨勪綔鍝佷镜鐘簡鎮ㄧ殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒�锛岃珛閫氱煡鎴戝€�锛屾垜鍊戞渻(hu矛)鍙婃檪(sh铆)鍒櫎锛�