杩戜簺骞�鑰冪爺鑻辫獮瑭﹀嵎涓紝鑰冪敓鏅亶瑾�(r猫n)鐐洪洠搴﹁純澶х殑鏄暦(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞鐨勭悊瑙ｈ垏缈昏銆傞€欎簺鍙ュ瓙涓€鑸偤澶氬€�(g猫)寰炲彞锛屽洜姝ゅ垎鏋愰暦(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞鎴栬€呯炕璀暦(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞锛岄瑕佽В姹虹殑鎳�(y墨ng)瑭叉槸寮勬竻妤氬緸鍙ヤ互鍙婂緸鍙ヤ箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傜劧鑰�锛屸€滅湅鑺卞鏄�锛岀埂鑺遍洠鈥�锛岀┒绔熻┎濡備綍鏀诲厠鑰冪爺鑻辫獮涓殑闆ｉ粸(di菐n)闀�(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞鍛�锛熻惉瀛�(xu茅)娴锋枃鑻辫獮鑰冪爺杓斿皫(d菐o)灏堝鐐�2011骞磋€冪敓婵冪府浜嗕互涓嬪皪(du矛)绛栵細

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閫欓噷鐨勨€滃舰鈥濇寚鐨勬槸寰炴瘮杓冧腑绺界祼(ji茅)閫欓鍙ュ瓙鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傞暦(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞鍏跺(sh铆)骞朵笉闆�锛屽畠鍍呭儏鏄皣澶氬€�(g猫)寰炲彞鎴栬€呰純寰�(f霉)闆滅殑寰炲彞鍛堢従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ簡鑰冪敓闈㈠墠锛屽彧瑕佷簡瑙ｈ€冩煡榛�(di菐n)锛岀啛鎮夊緸鍙ュ咕绋舰寮忥紝鍐嶅京(f霉)闆滅殑闀�(zh菐ng)鍙ヤ篃绋变笉涓婇洠鍙ヤ簡銆�

闀�(zh菐ng)闆ｅ彞鐨勪竴鑸舰寮忓寘鎷悕瑭炴€у緸鍙�锛屽舰瀹硅鎬у緸鍙�(鍗冲畾瑾炲緸鍙�)锛岀媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆傚叾涓�锛屽悕瑭炴€у緸鍙ュ張鍖呮嫭涓昏獮寰炲彞銆佽硴瑾炲緸鍙ャ€佽〃瑾炲緸鍙ュ拰鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙ャ€�

鐐轰簡鍚屽(xu茅)鍊戞洿渚夸簬鐞嗚В锛屾帴涓嬩締绲﹀ぇ瀹跺垎鍒ヨ垑骞惧€�(g猫)渚嬪瓙鍔┾€滄秷鍖栤€濄€�

渚嬩竴锛歊obert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "

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Robert Fulton once wrote, 鈥淭he mechanic should sit down鈥�, like a 鈥�, considering them as鈥�, in which a鈥︹€�

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1)like鈥﹀垎鍙ユ槸鐪佺暐浜唚ho 鐨勪富瑾炲緸鍙ヤ腑鐨勫垎鍙�锛宑onsidering鈥﹀垎鍙ユ槸鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ垎瑭炲紩灏�(d菐o)鐨勭媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆傞€欏€�(g猫)鐙€瑾炲緸鍙ュ彲浠ユ嬁鍒板彞棣栵紝涔熷彲浠ュ湪鍙ュ熬銆備竴鑸締瑾純闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勭媭瑾炲緸鍙ョ疆浜庡彞灏撅紝杓冪煭鐨勭疆浜庡彞棣�锛岀偤鐨勬槸浣垮彞瀛愮湅涓婂幓椤緱绨�(ji菐n)娼斾竴浜�銆�

2)like鍒嗗彞涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗘瘮杓冨鐨勭渷鐣�锛岃(b菙)鍏ㄤ互鍚庢槸who like a poet who is among the letters鈥�銆傝嫳瑾炰腑鐨勫緸鍙ヤ箣鎵€浠ユ槸闆ｉ粸(di菐n)灏辨槸鍥�?y脿n)姒囩絽搴峰帴梅鐮搁緫?d菐o)瑭炪€�

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渚嬩簩锛歋uch large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business銆�

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Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased 鈥hareholders as a class, (which was) an element鈥�

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鏈彞鏄吀鍨嬬殑闈為檺瀹氭€у畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝闆ｉ粸(di菐n)鍦ㄥ叾涓昏獮鍜岃硴瑾為兘鏈夎純闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勭煭瑾炲拰of绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闄愬畾锛屽苟涓斿垎鍙ユ槸鐢卞叐鍊�(g猫)and鐩搁€ｇ殑3鍊�(g猫)閮ㄥ垎绲勬垚鐨�銆傚垎鍙n element鈥andowners 鍙堝付鏈夊叐鍊�(g猫)瀹氳獮寰炲彞锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)鏄�(which was)representing鈥� 锛屽彟涓€鍊�(g猫)鏄�(which was)detached鈥︺€�

鍙锛屽畾瑾炲緸鍙ョ殑闆ｉ粸(di菐n)鍦ㄤ簬缍�(j墨ng)甯哥渷鐣モ€滃紩灏�(d菐o)瑭�+be鈥濈殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽緸鑰屽湪鐞嗚В涓婂鏄撳拰鍒嗚绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐩告贩娣�銆�

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瀵�(sh铆)闅涗笂瀹氳獮寰炲彞骞朵笉绗﹀悎婕㈣獮鐨勪娇鐢ㄧ繏(x铆)鎱�銆傛墍浠ョ炕璀檪(sh铆)閬囦笂瀹氳獮寰炲彞锛屼竴瀹氫笉瑕佹(j墨)姊板湴鎸夌収鍘熶締鐨勯爢搴忕敓鎼‖濂�銆傚儚閫欐ǎ鍒嗗彞杓冮暦(zh菐ng)鐨勬儏娉�锛屾妸涓诲彞鍜屽垎鍙ユ媶鐐哄叐鍙ユ槸姣旇純濂界殑鏂规硶銆傛墍浠ラ€欓噷寰炩€滈€欏€�(g猫)闅庡堡鈥濋枊濮嬪彟璧蜂竴鍙�銆�

渚嬩笁锛歍his trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail銆�

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2)When寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勬槸鏅�(sh铆)闁撶媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆傜涓€鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勬槸淇＞conclusion鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙ワ紝绗簩鍊�(g猫)that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勬槸淇＞demands鐨勫畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛寃ants鍓嶇渷鐣ヤ簡which锛屾槸寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勪慨椋綼 government鐨勪富瑾炲緸鍙�銆�

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