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Section I Use of English
Directions锛� Read the following text. Choose the best word锛坰锛� for each numbered
blank and mark A锛� B锛� C锛� and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 锛�10 points锛�
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.
The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born
in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism锛� many of the leaders of
independence 3 the ideas of representative government锛� careers 4 to
talent锛� freedom of commerce and trade锛� the 5 to private property锛� and a belief
in the individual as the basis of society锛� 6 there was a belief that the new
nations should be sovereign and independent states锛� large enough to be economically
viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church锛� 9 锛�
there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the
state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown锛� 12 most
leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new
states锛� some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church
became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian锛� valuing
equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return
to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished
everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and
taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still
needed the revenue such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered
by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.
1. [A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals
2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully
3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected
4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted
5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return
6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally
7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical
8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform
9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover
10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by
11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded
12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While
13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against
14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence
銆� 2
15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish
16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised
17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original
18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher
19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred
20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions锛�
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A锛�
B锛� C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 锛�40 points锛�
Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World
Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer later months.
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and
professional ranks锛� you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon锛� Here are a few guesses锛� a锛� certain
astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b锛� winter-born bathes tend to have
higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c锛� soccer mad parents are more
likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d锛� none
of the above.
Anders Ericsson锛� a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University锛�
says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden锛� and
studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity
to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly
years ago锛� involved memory锛� training a person to hear and then repeat a random series
of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span
had risen from 7 to 20锛�” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving锛� and after about 200
hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not
genetically determined锛� led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more
of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words锛� whatever inborn
differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are
swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn
how to encode information meaningfully锛� Ericsson determined锛� was a process known as
deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.
Rather锛� it involves setting specific goals锛� obtaining immediate feedback and
concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide
銆� 3
range of pursuits锛� including soccer. They gather all the data they can锛� not just
predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own
lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion锛�
the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or锛� put another way锛� expert
performers whether in memory or surgery锛� ballet or computer programming are nearly
always made锛� not born.
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word “mania” 锛圠ine 4锛� Paragraph 2锛� most probably means
[A] fun.
[B] craze.
[C] hysteria.
[D] excitement.
23. According to Ericsson good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey锛�
[A] “Faith will move mountains.”
[B] “One reaps what one sows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”
[D] “Like father锛� like son”
Text 2
For the past several years锛� the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured
a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant锛� who
at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old锛� that gave her
an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and
visual analogies锛� to envision paper after it has been folded and cut锛� and to deduce
numerical sequences锛� among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant
fields such queries from the average Joe 锛圵hose IQ is 100锛� as锛� What's the difference
between love and fondness锛� Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence锛� It's not
obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits
one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
銆� 4
Clearly锛� intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it
means to be smart锛� How much of intelligence can be specified锛� and how much can we learn
about it from neurology锛� genetics锛� computer science and other fields锛�
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score锛� even
though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in
two forms锛� the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales
锛坆oth come in adult and children's version锛�銆� Generally costing several hundred dollars锛�
they are usually given only by psychologists锛� although variations of them populate
bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer
possible锛� because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among
age pecks锛� rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and
multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests锛� such as the Scholastic Assessment Test
锛圫AT锛� and the Graduate Record Exam 锛圙RE锛夛紝 capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to
succeed in school and in life锛� argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How
Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing锛�”銆� Sternberg notes that traditional tests best
assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical
knowledge锛� components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover锛�
IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.
Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under
low-stress conditions锛� but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated
with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT
will testify that test-taking skill also matters锛� whether it‘s knowing when to guess
or what questions of skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test锛�
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3锛�
[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that
[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.
[D] traditional tests are out of date.
銆� 5
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests锛�
[A] Supportive.
[B] Skeptical.
[C] Impartial.
[D] Biased.
Text 3
During the past generation锛� the American middle-class family that once could count
on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by
economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip锛� a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing
spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation锛� millions of mothers have gone to work锛� transforming basic
family economics. Scholars锛� policymakers锛� and critics of all stripes have debated the
social implications of these changes锛� but few have looked at the side effect family
risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new
two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times
of financial setback- a back-up earner 锛坲sually Mom锛� who could go into the workforce
if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could
support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help
families weather bad times. But today锛� a disruption to family fortunes can not longer
be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period锛� families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their
retirement income. Steelworkers锛� airline employees锛� and now those in the auto industry
are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates锛� stock market
fluctuation锛� and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For
much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a
savings-account model锛� with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments
for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families锛� the picture is not
any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families
have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative
halls to Wal-Mart workers锛� with much higher deductibles and a large new does of
investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against
the middle class family锛� as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the
attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one
generation.
From the middle-class family perspective锛� much of this锛� understandably锛� looks
far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility锛� and a good deal
more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their
already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun锛� and the political
fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform锛� retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
33. According go the author锛� health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text锛�
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert
[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their
worst accounting and compliance troubles锛� and improved their feeble corporation
governance锛� a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of
nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite锛� data
insecurity. Left锛� until now锛� to odd锛� low-level IT staff to put right锛� and seen as
a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking锛� telecoms and air travel锛�
information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year- from organizations
as diverse as Time Warner锛� the American defense contractor Science Applications
International Corp and even the University of California. Berkeley-have left managers
hurriedly peering into their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search of
potential vulnerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asset.”
says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's business school “The ability guard customer
data is the key to market value锛� which the board is responsible for on behalf of
shareholders” Indeed锛� just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles 锛圙AAP锛�銆� perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices锛�
suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper
investment level for security锛� redundancy锛� and recovery is a management issue锛� not
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