鍓嶈█

It is a fundamental rule of human life that, if the approach is good, the response is good

---Jawaharlal Nehru (Indian Prime Minister. 1889-1964)

涓嶆媼妫�锛屼笉鏀炬

---瑷变笁澶�

鑰冪爺缈昏鍒嗗€间笉澶�锛屽彧鏈�10鍒�锛屽緢澶氬悓瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄥ叿楂旂殑鍋氶涓彧闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄩ柋璁€锛屽浣�锛屽畬鍨�锛岃€屽拷瑕栦簡缈昏鐨勯噸瑕佹€�锛屼簨瀵︿笂鐞嗚В缈昏鐨勫嚭椤岃(gu墨)寰�锛屽仛椤屾柟寮忓皪鍋氬ソ鍏朵粬閮ㄥ垎锛屾彁鍗囧垎鏁�(sh霉)鏄ぇ鏈夎（鐩婄殑銆�

姣忓勾鐨勮€冪爺缈昏锛屼竴绡囨枃绔�锛屼簲鍊嬪妰绶氬彞瀛�锛岄偅涔堢偤浠€涔堟槸閫欎簲鍊嬪彞瀛�锛岃€屼笉鏄叾浠�锛岀瓟鏇帮細閫欎簲鍊嬪彞瀛愰暦锛岃€屼笖闆ｃ€傞偅涔堥€氶亷鍒嗘瀽姝峰勾鐨勮€冪爺缈昏闀烽洠鍙�锛岀附绲�(ji茅)鍏惰(gu墨)寰�锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滅櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾墍鏈夌殑闀峰彞鎴栭洠鍙ラ兘閬靛惊浠ヤ笅涓夊€嬭(gu墨)寰嬨€�

涓€. 灏嶅悕瑭為€茶瑙ｉ噵

鑻辨枃鏄竴绋潨鎱�(t脿i)瑾炶█锛屽悕瑭炲湪鍙ヤ腑鍗犳摎(j霉)閲嶈浣嶇疆锛屽彞瀛愮殑閲嶅績寰€寰€鏄悕瀛�锛岃€屼笖浣嶇疆闈犲墠锛屽咕涔庡ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勪慨椋炬垨瑙ｉ噵鎴愬垎鍏ㄩ儴鍚庣疆?锛熷仺Y(ji茅)澶у(xu茅)瑾炴硶鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)灏嶅悕瑭為€茶淇＞鎴栬В閲嬬殑瑾炴硶鍦ㄨ€冪爺缈昏涓湁閫欐ǎ涓€浜涳細瀹氳獮寰炲彞锛屽垎瑭炲悗缃�锛屼粙瑭炵煭瑾炲悗缃�(灏ゅ叾鏄痮f)锛屽悓浣嶈獮寰炲彞锛屼笉瀹氬紡锛屽啋铏�锛岀牬鎶樿櫉銆傚洜姝ゅ湪鍏烽珨鍋氶鏅傞渶瑕佽繀閫熷垽鏂峰皪鍚嶈鐨勮В閲嬮儴鍒�锛屽苟涓旀牸澶栨敞鎰忛€ｆ帴瑭炵殑缈昏

閫ｆ帴瑭炵殑缈昏鎶€宸�

渚嬶細 Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy銆�

铏曠悊涓婅堪鍙ュ瓙锛岄渶闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄤ笁鍊嬧€渢hat鈥濈涓€鍊嬬偤璩撹獮寰炲彞寮曞皫(d菐o)瑭�锛屽彲浠ュ皪鍏垛€滆鑰屼笉瑕嬧€濈浜屽€嬬偤鍚屼綅瑾炲緸鍙ュ紩灏�(d菐o)瑭�锛屽彲璀偤鈥滃嵆鈥�锛岀涓夊€嬬偤瀹氳獮寰炲彞寮曞皫(d菐o)瑭�锛屽彲浠ユ妸鍏堣瑭炲啀瑾竴閬嶃€�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細鐩稿弽鐨�锛岃鐐哄(xu茅)瀹惰獚鐐�锛屽垎鏁�(sh霉)涓婄殑宸暟鏄敱浜庨€欏€嬩簨瀵�锛屽嵆锛氶粦浜哄父甯歌鍓濆オ浜嗚ū澶氭暀鑲插拰鍏朵粬鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩柟闈㈢殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛岃€岄€欎簺鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛岀櫧浜轰韩鏈�銆�

渚嬶細 He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations銆�(2008骞�46椤�)

閫欓亾椤岀殑鐮撮榛炰粛鐒跺湪灏嶅悕瑭炵殑瑙ｉ噵涓婏紝閫欓噷闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄤ粙瑭炩€渙f鈥�锛屽鏋滃叾鍚庤窡涓€鍊嬮暦鍙ワ紝閭ｄ箞鈥渙f鈥濅笉鐞嗚В鐐衡€溾€︾殑鈥�锛岃€岀悊瑙ｇ偤涓€鍊嬪瓧鈥滃嵆鈥濇垨鏄€滐細鈥�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細閬旂埦鏂囩浉淇�锛屾鏄€欏€嬪洶闆ｅ彲鑳藉叿鏈夎鍎熸€х殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕�锛屽嵆锛岃揩浣夸粬闀锋檪闁撹獚鐪熷湴鎬濊€冩瘡涓€鍊嬪彞瀛�锛屽洜姝や娇寰椾粬鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄦ帹鐞嗗拰鍦ㄨ嚜宸辫瀵熶腑鐨勯尟瑾�銆�

浜�. 灏嶅嫊瑭為€茶淇＞

鑻辨枃涓皪鍕曡鐨勪慨椋炬湁閫欐ǎ骞剧ó瑾炴硶锛氬壇瑭炰粙瑭炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽垎瑭炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀媭瑾炲緸鍙�銆傚湪鍏烽珨缈昏鏅備慨椋鹃儴鍒嗚鍓嶇疆锛岀悊瑙ｅ皪鍕曡鐨勪慨椋炬焙瀹氫簡缈昏鍚庡彞瀛愮殑閫氶爢锛屽洜姝ら渶瑕佹牸澶栭棞(gu膩n)娉�

渚嬶細 Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society銆�(2004-64)

鏈涓嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鍏稿瀷鐨勫垎瑭炰綔鐙€瑾炵殑鎴愬垎锛屼慨椋锯€渄eveloped鈥濈炕璀檪瑕佸墠缃�锛屽啀鑰�锛屾湰鍙ヤ腑鍑虹従(xi脿n)灏嶅悕瑭炵殑瑙ｉ噵閮ㄥ垎鈥渢hat鈥濊В閲嬧€渋dea鈥濓紝缈昏鏅傚彲鍙冪収鍓嶉潰璎涢亷鐨勭涓€榛�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細Whorf灏嶈獮瑷€鑸囨€濈董鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲緢鎰熻垐瓒�锛屼粬閫愭几褰㈡垚浜嗛€欐ǎ涓€绋蹇碉細鍦ㄤ竴鍊嬬ぞ鏈冮噷锛岃獮瑷€鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)姹哄畾浜嗙繏(x铆)鎱ｆ€濈董鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

涓�. 鍙ヤ腑鐨勫垎鍓茬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

鑻辨枃閲岀偤浠€涔堟渻鍑虹従(xi脿n)鍒嗗壊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾垜鍊戝彲浠ョ悊瑙ｆ垚锛氬洜鐐哄皪鍚嶈鍋氫簡瑙ｉ噵锛屽皪鍕曡浣滀簡淇＞锛屾墍浠ュ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)涓昏瑐鍒嗗壊鎴栬€呰瑐璩撳垎鍓�銆傚叿楂旂炕璀檪娉ㄦ剰涓€榛烇細瑕嬪埌鍚嶈鎵惧嫊瑭�锛岃鍒板嫊瑭炴壘鍚嶈銆�

渚嬶細 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision銆�(2006-47)

棣栧厛璜嬪ぇ瀹舵敞鎰忓皪鍚嶈鐨勮В閲嬮儴鍒嗏€渙f鈥�锛屽叾娆♀€渞evealing鈥濇槸鍕曡锛屽叾璩撹獮鏄€渢he course鈥�锛屼腑闁撯€渋n as obvious a manner as possible鈥濆皪鍕曡鈥渞evealing鈥濋€茶浜嗕慨椋撅紝鐞嗚В鐐衡€滀互涓€绋€︾殑鏂瑰紡鈥�

鍙冭€冭鏂囷細浠栫殑鑱疯铂(z茅)鑸囨硶瀹樼浉浼�锛屽繀闋堟壙鎿�(d膩n)閫欐ǎ鐨勮铂(z茅)浠伙細鐢ㄧ洝鍙兘鏄庝簡鐨勬柟寮忎締灞曠ず鑷繁鍋氬嚭姹哄畾鐨勬帹鐞嗛亷绋�銆�

鐞嗚В涓婅堪涓夊€嬭(gu墨)寰嬶紝灏嶈€冪敓姝ｇ⒑鐞嗚В缈昏锛屽仛灏嶇炕璀紝鎷垮埌楂樺垎鏄潪甯搁渶瑕佽€屼笖蹇呰鐨�锛岀敱缈昏鍑虹櫦(f膩)锛屽彲浠ユ纰虹悊瑙ｉ柋璁€涓殑闀烽洠鍙�锛岀敋鑷冲鍑洪暦闆ｅ彞锛屽皪鑰冪爺鑻辫獮鍒嗘暩(sh霉)鐨勬暣楂旀彁鍗囨槸鏈夊公鍔╃殑銆備竴浣嶅摬浜鸿閬庘€淲hen it comes to the future, there are three kinds of people: those who let it happen, those who make it happen, those who wonder what happened?锛�?鎴戝€戦渶瑕侀伕鎿囧仛绗簩绋汉锛岃畵鑰冧笂鑷繁鐞嗘兂澶у(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌剁敓閫欏€嬩簨瀵﹀湪鑷繁韬笂鐧�(f膩)鐢�銆�