鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎 鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴� 鈥� 涓嬭級
娉曞湅瀛�(xu茅)鑰呭吋浼佹キ(y猫)瀹朵酣鍒�?娉曠磩鐖�(Henri Fayol锛�1841锝�1925)琚叕瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘槸鍙ゅ吀绠$悊鐞嗚珫鐨勪富瑕佷唬琛ㄤ汉涔嬩竴锛屼害鐐虹鐞嗛亷绋嬪(xu茅)娲剧殑鍓�(chu脿ng)濮嬩汉銆傚悗浜烘櫘閬嶈獚(r猫n)鐐猴細娉曠磩鐖剧殑璨㈢嵒(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ簬鎻愬嚭绠$悊鐨勪竴鑸師鍓囧嵆鍗佸洓闋�(xi脿ng)鍘熷墖浠ュ強鏄庣⒑绠$悊宸ヤ綔鐨勪簲澶ц伔鑳�銆備絾鏄�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鎴戝€戝啀娆¢柋璁€銆婂伐妤�(y猫)绠$悊鑸囦竴鑸鐞嗐€嬮€欐湰缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌憲浣滄檪(sh铆)锛屾墠鐪熸瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍒扮鐞嗙櫦(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬬殑鑹辫緵鍜屾檪(sh铆)浠g殑灞€闄愭€с€傛澶�锛屾垜鍊戦倓鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)娉曠磩鐖剧殑璨㈢嵒(xi脿n)閬�(yu菐n)涓嶅彧浜哄€戦€氬父鎻愬埌鐨勭悊璜�锛屼粬鍦ㄨū澶氶牁(l菒ng)鍩熼兘闋楁湁閫犺銆�
杈ㄦ瀽“鎸囨彯”鑸�“闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)”
鍦ㄦ硶绱勭埦绠$悊鎬濇兂鐨勫崄鍥涢爡(xi脿ng)鍘熷墖涓�锛岀鍥涢爡(xi脿ng)“绲�(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯”鍜岀浜旈爡(xi脿ng)“绲�(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)”浼间箮閲嶅京(f霉)锛岃ū澶氫汉閮借В閲嬩笉娓呬簩鑰呯殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆備絾鏄�锛屽緟浠旂窗(x矛)鐮旂┒涓嬩締锛屾墠鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜岃€呮湁娣卞埢鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�銆傞€欒垏娉曠磩鐖炬墍铏曟檪(sh铆)浠g殑绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶇劇闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽湪鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勬硶鍦嬪伐绀︿紒妤�(y猫)绲勭箶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓細涓€鍊�(g猫)闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鏈�4锝�5鍊�(g猫)鐩存帴涓嬪爆锛屽湪宸ュ粻涓渶澶氫笉瓒呴亷9鍊�(g猫)锛屽湪鏀挎不 鍜屽畻鏁欑祫绻斾腑涓嶈秴閬�12鍊�(g猫)銆傝€岄牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)涔嬮枔鐨勮伔璨�(z茅)娆�(qu谩n)闄愬苟涓嶅崄鍒嗘槑鏅�锛屽緢瀹规槗灏嶄笅灞€犳垚瑾ゅ皫(d菐o)锛屼篃浣垮緱璨�(z茅)浠讳笉鏄�锛屼换鍕�(w霉)涓嶆竻銆傛硶绱勭埦姝f槸寰炴瀵�(sh铆)闅涘嚭鐧�(f膩)锛屽皪浜岃€呭垎鍒ラ€�(j矛n)琛屼簡瑙i噵銆傜当(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯鏄�“灏嶄汉”鑰岃█锛屽挨鍏跺挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)涓嶈兘澶氶牠闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鏄�“灏嶄簨”鑰岃█锛屼富瑕佽憲閲嶉牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鎵€鎿�(d膩n)璨�(f霉)鐨勮铂(z茅)浠汇€�
鍦ㄦ硶绱勭埦鐪嬩締锛氱当(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯鏄寚闆囧摗鍙噳(y墨ng)鎺ュ彈涓€鍊�(g猫)涓婄礆鎸囦护锛屼笉瑕佺晫闄愪笉娓咃紝涓嶈瓒婃瑠(qu谩n)锛屾洿涓嶈闆欓噸闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛涜€岀当(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)(鎸囧皫(d菐o))鏄寚灏嶄簬鍏锋湁鍏卞悓鐩(bi膩o)鐨勪竴绲勬椿鍕�(d貌ng)鍙噳(y墨ng)鏈変竴鍊�(g猫)棣栬叇锛屼竴鍊�(g猫)瑷�(j矛)鍔�銆傚缓绔嬪畬鍠勭殑绲勭箶鎵嶈兘瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)绲�(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛岃€岀当(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯鍙栨焙浜庝汉鍝″浣曠櫦(f膩)鎻綔鐢ㄣ€傛墍浠�锛岀当(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯涓嶈兘娌掓湁绲�(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛屼絾鍙堜笉鍍呭儏婧愪簬绲�(t菕ng)涓€闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)锛岃€屼締婧愪簬绲勭箶鍒跺害鐨勫畬鍠勩€�
鎻愬嚭“绱犺唱(zh矛)鏁欒偛”鐞嗚珫
娉曠磩鐖捐獚(r猫n)鐐猴細鍦ㄦ垜鍊戠殑鑱锋キ(y猫)瀛�(xu茅)鏍¢噷缂哄皯绠$悊鏁欒偛鐨勭湡姝e師鍥犳槸鐢变簬缂轰箯鏈夐棞(gu膩n)绠$悊鐨勭悊璜�銆傛矑鏈夌悊璜栧氨涓嶅彲鑳芥湁鏁欒偛銆傜劧鑰岋紝閭勬矑鏈夊緸寤f硾鐨勮◣璜栦腑寰楀嚭鏅亶鎵胯獚(r猫n)鐨勭鐞嗙悊璜�锛屽苟涓嶇己灏戝€�(g猫)浜烘彁鍑虹殑鐞嗚珫銆備絾鏄�锛岀敱浜庣己灏戞櫘閬嶆帴鍙楃殑鍘熷墖锛屾瘡鍊�(g猫)浜洪兘鑷互鐐烘搧鏈夋渶濂界殑鏂规硶銆傚湪宸ュ粻銆佽粛闅�(du矛)銆佸搴拰鍦嬪涓紝鎴戝€戝埌铏曞彲浠ョ湅鍒板湪鍚屼竴鍘熷墖鐨勫惈缇╀笅妤电偤鐭涚浘鐨勫(sh铆)闅涘仛娉�銆傞€欏皫(d菐o)鑷村叐鍊�(g猫)閷�(cu貌)瑾ゅ偩鍚戯細鈶犲伐寤犻牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑸囧伐绋嬪斧鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ咕涔庡彧鐪嬪叾鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏂归潰锛涒憽宸ュ粻闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑸囧伐绋嬪斧鐨勪綔鐢ㄨ垏浠栧€戝(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅) 鐨勫勾闄愮洿鎺ユ鐩搁棞(gu膩n)銆傚皪姝�锛屾硶绱勭埦瑾�(r猫n)鐐�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)娓涘皯鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)灏ゅ叾鏄珮绛夋暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫奖闊匡紝楂樼瓑鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)灏嶄簬绠$悊浼佹キ(y猫)鍩烘湰鏄劇鐢ㄧ殑銆傚苟涓�锛岄倓瑕侀噸瑕栧叾浠栧(xu茅)绉�锛屽煿椁�(y菐ng)浜虹殑缍滃悎鑳藉姏锛屼笉鎳�(y墨ng)婵敤鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)銆�
鏀寔“绉戝(xu茅)绠$悊”鐞嗚珫
鐢变簬娉扮緟鎻愬嚭鐨�“鑱疯兘宸ラ暦鍒�”(閫欎竴瑙€榛�(di菐n)鍚庝締骞舵湭瀵�(sh铆)鏂�)鑸囨硶绱勭埦鎻愬嚭鐨勭鐞嗗伐浣滃崄鍥涙鍘熷墖鐨勭鍥涙“绲�(t菕ng)涓€鎸囨彯”鏄庨’灏嶇珛锛屼娇寰椾竴浜涗汉瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘硶绱勭埦鑸囨嘲缇呯殑鐞嗚珫鏄浉浜掔鐖拰鏈夋槑椤樊鍒ョ殑锛屼絾鏄硶绱勭埦涓€鍐嶅挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)浠栧€戝叐浜虹殑钁椾綔鏄浉浜掕(b菙)鍏呯殑銆傚彟澶栵紝娉曠磩鐖捐獚(r猫n)鐐烘嘲缇呭埗鏄�“绉戝(xu茅)绠$悊”鎴栬€�“鑱疯兘绠$悊”锛屾槸寤虹珛鍦ㄦ檪(sh铆)闁撳拰鍕�(d貌ng)浣滅爺绌朵箣涓婏紝浠ュ強瑾�(r猫n)鐪熷拰绱�(x矛)鑷寸殑宸ヤ綔涔嬩笂锛岃€岄潪灏嶅伐浜哄緸浜嬪嫗鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勬寚灏�(d菐o)銆�1925骞�锛屾硶绱勭埦鍦ㄥ竷榄鐖剧浜屽眴鍦嬮殯鏈�(hu矛)璀板緱闁嬪箷瑭炰腑锛岃伈鏄�“鏈変汉鎶婁粬鎺ㄥ埌鑸囨嘲缇呭皪绔嬬殑鍦颁綅鏄崚璎殑”銆傝┎鐧�(f膩)瑷€灏�(d菐o)鑷村湪娉曠磩鐖惧幓涓栦箣鍚�锛岀敱浜ㄥ埄?鏌ヨ拏鍒╁焹鍓�(chu脿ng)绔嬬殑“娉曡槶瑗跨祫绻旀渻(hu矛)璀�”鑸囦酣鍒�?娉曠磩鐖惧壍(chu脿ng)绔嬬殑“绠$悊鐮旂┒涓績”鍚堝苟鐐哄柈涓€鐨勫叏鍦嬫€у湗(tu谩n)楂�“娉曡槶瑗跨祫绻斿鍝℃渻(hu矛)”銆�
寮曠櫦(f膩)“褰煎緱鍘熺悊”鎬濊€�
娉曠磩鐖剧巼鍏堟彁鍑�“绠$悊鑳藉姏鏈夐檺瑾�”锛屽洜姝よ“灏嬫壘涓€鍊�(g猫)绠$悊绲勭箶琛屽嫊(d貌ng)鐨勭晫闄�”锛屽嵆椤炰技鎴戝€戜粖澶╅棞(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑“绲勭箶閭婄晫”銆備粬瑾�(r猫n)鐐猴細绗竴銆佷笉鎳�(y墨ng)鐣�(d膩ng)鍍呭儏鍦ㄦ渶鍒濆姏閲忛€氶亷澶氱ó鍌抽仦鐨勬悕鑰椾腑鍘诲皨鎵句竴鍊�(g猫)绠$悊绲勭箶琛屽嫊(d貌ng)鐨勭晫闄�锛涚浜屻€佹噳(y墨ng)瑭插湪鏈€楂樻瑠(qu谩n)鍔涙(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪笉鍕濅换鏂归潰鍘绘帰瑷�銆傚湪涓績鍔涢噺鍓婂急鏅�(sh铆)锛岄洟蹇冨姏灏辫嚜鐒跺崰鍎�(y艒u)鍕簡銆傚苟涓旓紝浠栭倓閫氶亷澶фü鑸囩ぞ鏈�(hu矛)绲勭箶鐨勫皪姣�锛屽嫊(d貌ng)鐗╄垏绲勭箶鐨勫皪姣斾締瑾槑閫欎竴鍟忛銆傜洿鍒�1969骞�锛屾墠鏈夌編鍦嬭彲鐩涢爴澶у(xu茅)鏁欒偛鍝插(xu茅)鍗氬+鍕炲€柉?褰煎緱鎻愬嚭锛氬湪灞ょ礆绲勭箶涓�锛屾瘡涓€浣嶅摗宸ラ兘灏囨檳鍗囧埌鑷繁涓嶈兘鍕濅换鐨勯殠灞ら€欎竴钁楀悕鐨�“褰煎緱鍘熺悊”銆傛帴涓嬩締锛屾硶绱勭埦閭勯€�(j矛n)涓€姝ュ挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)“灏堟キ(y猫)涓婄殑鎴愬姛鎺╄搵浜嗕竴鑸€ц兘鍔涚殑鎯呮硜”锛屽苟閲嶇敵“绠$悊鐨勬墠鑳界劇娉曡(b菙)鍎�”銆�
“宸ュ晢绠$悊纰╁+”鐨勬簮闋�
闆栫劧娉曠磩鐖剧殑绠$悊鎬濇兂鑸囨嘲缇呯殑绠$悊鎬濇兂閮芥槸鍙ゅ吀绠$悊鎬濇兂鐨勪唬琛�锛屼絾娉曠磩鐖剧鐞嗘€濇兂鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鎬�銆佺悊璜栨€у拰鏅亶鎬ф洿寮�(qi谩ng)銆傜鐞嗘棦鍙互鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬娉曞湅鐨勭う妤�(y猫)鍏徃锛屼篃鍙互鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬娉曞湅鐨勯啱(y墨)闄�銆侀兊鏀垮眬銆佽粛闅�(du矛)绛夌瓑銆傚悗浜烘牴鎿�(j霉)浠栧缓绔嬬殑妲�(g貌u)鏋讹紝寤虹珛浜嗙鐞嗗(xu茅)骞舵妸瀹冨紩鍏ヤ簡瑾插爞銆傚彟澶栵紝娉曠磩鐖捐獚(r猫n)鐐猴細绠$悊鍙互琚毚(y谩n)鏍煎湴瀹氱京锛屽苟涓旂鐞嗘槸涓€闁€鍏锋湁鐛�(d煤)绔嬭(gu墨)寰嬬殑瀛�(xu茅)绉戙€傜従(xi脿n)鍦�锛岄€欎竴瑙€榛�(di菐n)绲叉涓嶆渻(hu矛)浠や汉椹氳锛屼絾鍦ㄧ暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)锛�“绠$悊”鏄竴鍊�(g猫)骞句箮閭勪笉瀛樺湪鐨勫(sh铆)楂�銆�
娉曠磩鐖炬彁鍑虹殑绠$悊鍘熷墖缍�(j墨ng)閬庡骞寸殑鐮旂┒鍜屽(sh铆)韪愯瓑鏄庯紝绺界殑渚嗚浠嶇劧鏄纰虹殑銆傞€欎簺鍘熷墖閬庡幓鏇剧稉(j墨ng)绲﹀(sh铆)闅涚鐞嗕汉鍝″法澶х殑骞姪锛岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ粛鐒剁偤瑷卞浜烘墍鎺ㄥ磭锛屽苟琛嶇敓鍑虹溇澶氬(xu茅)瑾拰瀛�(xu茅)娲俱€備緥濡傦細“妯规С妤甸檺”琛嶇敓鍑虹祫绻旈倞鐣�锛�“鑱氶泦骞跺垪瑾�”琛嶇敓鍑虹敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐞嗚珫绛�銆傚€煎緱涓€鎻愮殑鏄細浠婂ぉ锛屼綘鍙娉ㄦ剰鍒版渶娆�(qu谩n)濞佺殑绠$悊璀夋浉鐨勫悕绋辨槸“宸ュ晢绠$悊纰╁+”(Master of Business Administration锛屽嵆MBA )涓瓨鍦�“Administration”閫欐ǎ鐨勫瓧鐪�锛屽氨鍙互鐭ラ亾娉曠磩鐖剧殑褰遍熆鍔�銆傚洜?y脿n)妞嬵儻?929骞�锛屾硶绱勭埦鐨勮憲浣滅殑鑻辨枃璀湰鍚嶇ū灏辨槸Administratrative Management锛屼綍娉侀偅閭勬槸鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)涓€鍊�(g猫)涓嶇敋婧�(zh菙n)纰虹殑璀湰銆�
娉曠磩鐖剧殑“浜旈爡(xi脿ng)淇厜”
鎴戝€戜笉濡ㄥ湪娉曠磩鐖惧拰娉扮緟涔嬮枔閫�(j矛n)琛屼竴涓嬫瘮杓�銆傜浉鍚岄粸(di菐n)鏈夛細浠栧€戦兘鍑虹敓浜庢瘮杓冨瘜瑁曠殑瀹跺涵锛岄兘鍙楅亷寰堝ソ鐨勬暀鑲诧紱閮借兘鍦ㄥ(sh铆)韪愪腑鎶婄瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬绠$悊锛涢兘姣旇純閲嶈浜轰簨鍙婁汉鍝$殑绠$悊銆備笉鍚岄粸(di菐n)鏄細娉曠磩鐖惧湪寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)浠ュ偝绲�(t菕ng)鐐哄熀绀�(ch菙)鐨勬硶鍦嬫枃鍖栫挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鍑虹敓锛屽苟琚煿椁�(y菐ng)鎴愮鐞嗛泟鎵嶏紝娉扮緟鍓囩敓闀峰湪鏂版暀鍊悊鍜岀編鍦嬮枊鏀惧紡鐨勬枃鍖栫挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛涙硶绱勭埦涓€闁嬪灏辩暥(d膩ng)涓婁簡鍓稉(j墨ng)鐞�锛屽绲傜珯鍦ㄧ鐞嗚€呯殑浣嶇疆锛岃€屾嘲缇呭嵒鏄緸鏈€搴曞堡宸ヤ汉涓€绱氶枊濮嬶紝閫氶亷鑷韩鍔姏鐛插緱鍦颁綅锛涙硶绱勭埦鐮旂┒鐨勫伌(c猫)閲嶉粸(di菐n)钁楃溂浜庣鐞嗙悊璜栧拰瀵�(sh铆)韪愶紝娉ㄦ剰鍔涢泦涓簬绠$悊浜哄摗锛岃€屾嘲缇呭墖鎶婂伐浣滀富瑕佹斁鍦ㄤ綔妤�(y猫)鐝�(xi脿n)鍫翠笂锛屽挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎬х殑“绉戝(xu茅)绠$悊”锛涙硶绱勭埦鐨勭爺绌舵柟鍚戞槸寰炵稉(j墨ng)鐞嗕汉楂樺堡鍚戜笅鐮旂┒锛屾渶鍚庡姞浠ョ附绲�(ji茅)锛岃€屾嘲缇呭墖寰炲伐妤�(y猫)绛夌礆鐨勫簳灞ゅ悜涓婄爺绌�锛岀劧鍚庢绱嶅嚭涓€鑸€х祼(ji茅)璜栵紱娉曠磩鐖炬矑鏈夐伃鍒版湁绲勭箶鐨勫伐浜虹殑鏁佃锛屽苟涓旇嚦濮嬭嚦绲傞牀鍙楁キ(y猫)鐣屽皧閲�锛�75姝叉檪(sh铆)鐧�(f膩)琛ㄧ殑涓昏钁椾綔锛屼篃娌掓湁寮曡捣寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堢埈璀�锛岃€屾嘲缇呯殑“绉戝(xu茅)绠$悊”閬埌闆囦富鍜屽伐浜虹殑寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堝弽灏嶏紝浠ヨ嚧浠栦笉寰椾笉鍒扮編鍦嬪湅鏈�(hu矛)鐨勮伣璀夋渻(hu矛)涓婇潰灏嶉泧涓诲拰宸ヤ汉鐨勫皷閵虫彁鍟�锛屽紩璧蜂簡浜哄€戣ū澶氳璜栧拰鐖?锛熼檧^鍦拌瑳锛屾硶绱勭埦鑸囨嘲缇呯殑鎴愭灉闆栫劧鐢变簬鐮旂┒瑕栬涓嶅悓鑰屽瓨鍦ㄤ竴瀹氬樊鐣�锛屼絾閫欎簺宸暟鍗昏兘澶犱簰鐩歌(b菙)鍏�锛岀浉浜掍績閫�(j矛n)锛屽苟浣垮緱“绠$悊”鏈€绲傛垚鐐轰竴闁€瀛�(xu茅)绉戝湪涓栫晫鍚勫湴绻佹Ξ鐧�(f膩)灞曘€�
绺借€岃█涔�锛屼酣鍒�?娉曠磩鐖句竴鐢熶富瑕佸緸浜�“浜旈爡(xi脿ng)淇厜”锛氱涓€銆佷綔鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)鎶€琛�(sh霉)浜哄摗锛屼粬鐛插緱浜嗙偤琛ㄥ桨浠栧湪绀︽キ(y猫)绠$悊涓婄殑鎴愮妇鐨勫湅瀹跺嫑绔�銆傜浜�銆佷綔鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)鍦拌唱(zh矛)瀛�(xu茅)鑰�锛屼粬鎻愬嚭浜嗕竴濂楀畬鏁寸殑鍦颁笅鐓ゅ堡鍦拌唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬柊鐞嗚珫“涓夎娲�”鐞嗚珫銆傜涓�銆佷綔鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)绉戝(xu茅)瀹跺嚭韬殑宸ユキ(y猫)闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)浜�锛屼粬鍦ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)绠$悊鍜岃病(c谩i)鍕�(w霉)绠$悊鍏╁€�(g猫)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鎴愬氨閮芥槸闈炲嚒鐨勩€傜鍥�銆佷綔鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)绠$悊鍝插(xu茅)瀹�锛屼粬鎶婄鐞嗗師鍓囦笂鍗囧埌涓€鍊�(g猫)鏂扮殑楂樺害銆傜浜�銆佷綔鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)鍦嬪嫏(w霉)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)瀹�锛屼粬鍦ㄦ硶鍦嬪拰姝愭床鍚勫湅褰遍熆宸ㄥぇ锛屾濡傛嘲缇呭湪缇庡湅鍜屼笘鐣岀殑褰遍熆涓€妯�銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�